A tunneling shield carries out excavation, which was equipped with different types of cutting heads for different types of soils. The heads may be fitted with blades for soft soil, picks for mixed ground and disc cutters for hard rock. The ground conditions will have a large effect on the choice of micro-tunnelling system for a particular situation, as they will determine the type of machine to be used, the cutting head, the soil removal system and the jacking forces required.
Slip Lining
Application: A trench-less method of installing new factory-manufactured pipe and service connections inside existing sewer, water and commercial lines. Accomplished by puling a new liner pipe into the existing pipe, creating a slight decrease in the inside diameter. Application for pipes ranging from 8 inches to 96 inches in diameter.
Advantages: Slip Lining can be performed rapidly, without disturbing adjacent services or requiring bypass pumping. It makes it possible to repair long lengths of pipe with minimal disruption. Because the liner is structurally sound, it solves problems related to leek-age and structural deterioration.
Installation: In the slip lining process, a winch cable is inserted through the existing line and then attached to the front of the new liner. The new liner pipe is then pulled into the existing pipe, and the new liner pipe reconnected to the system. If needed, the void between new and existing pipe can be filled with grouting.
Horizontal Directional Drilling
Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) is a construction method used for the crossing of obstacles found along pipeline route, such as roads, rivers, sensitive areas, etc. This is a trench-less construction method, avoids cutting and/or interruption of obstacle, and eliminates large environmental impacts associated with excavation of a trench.
Horizontal Directional Drilling is the application of the proven directional drilling techniques, used in oil and gas well drilling, to steer a drill bit along a prescribed pathway beneath an obstacle. This pathway is then enlarged and improved such that a pipeline or conduit can be installed beneath the obstacle to be crossed.
The HDD is becoming an increasingly accepted technique for the pipe installation under natural or man-made obstructions all over the world. It has been used in petroleum industry on cross country pipeline transmission systems, and is also having great success for water lines, submarine power lines and telecommunications lines crossing.
The Three stages of the HDD Technology are :
Drilling a small diameter pilot hole by means of remotely controllable drilling assembly and pushing a drill pipe along a designated curved profile.
Reaming the pilot hole to a diameter suitable for the installation of the pipeline string.
Installing the pipeline into the reamed hole.